How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a condition only of children, however it can affect adults as well. If diagnosed and treated for ADHD an individual can live a better life.
Interviewing the individual and their family members could be part of an evaluation for ADHD. The doctor may also review old school records in order to determine if the symptoms started as an infant.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone has trouble concentrating and staying well-organized from time to time however, for those who has ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with work, school and even home life. The person must display significant symptoms in two of these areas, and that they significantly affect the way they function in their daily lives to be diagnosed with ADHD. The symptoms must be present for at least six months.
To determine a diagnosis, doctors will speak with the patient about their symptoms and inquire about their family history and medical problems. They may also use rating scales that measure a adult's or child's symptoms. These questionnaires are usually built on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults might be asked to talk with their significant other or someone they know well. This isn't meant to challenge the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain a better understanding of the behavior of a person that cannot be obtained from the answers to a questionnaire. It is also possible to inquire about childhood behavior and use old school records to see whether the symptoms began prior to the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis the doctor will conduct an extensive physical exam and run lab tests to rule other conditions, such as thyroid problems or head injuries that could trigger similar symptoms. The provider will also check the patient's medication list. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other conditions. It is crucial that adults speak to their primary health care providers when they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, the symptoms must be evident in at least two places (such as at home, school and at work) and affect the functioning of the individual. They also must have begun at the age of 12 and the impairment must not be caused by another disorder, such as depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional will employ different tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptoms lists, standardized behaviour rating scales as well as a thorough medical history. They may also interview family members or friends to determine how the symptoms have affected them. They will also ask whether there are other physical or mental conditions that have similar symptoms.
Evaluators will take into account whether the symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. They will also review the person's medical and family history in order to determine if there are underlying causes for their issue for example, thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some cases an evaluator might decide to perform cognitive testing or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, such as learning disabilities, mood disorders personality disorders, and substance abuse. People suffering from these disorders typically present differently than those who don't have them. For example, boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms and girls inattentive symptoms.
Some people with ADHD might be interested in participating in a clinical study to test new treatments. This is a fantastic opportunity to continue research. However, participants should be aware that the main objective of these studies is to gain scientific knowledge and is not an assurance of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you have ADHD, find a professional who is certified to recognize the disorder. Contact your health insurance provider to find out whether ADHD specialists are covered, and then seek recommendations from family doctors or other health professionals. Word-of-mouth recommendations are also an alternative.
A doctor will ask the patient - or their parents in the case of children - about their issues. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and ask other people in a person's life for details including spouses and families. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
Experts will also review any documents from the past particularly old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history, and to be diagnosed with the condition, the symptoms must be present since the age of a child (technically prior to the age of 12).
Physical examinations are also performed. It checks for other medical problems that could be the cause of the symptoms, such as thyroid problems or seizure disorders. A neurological exam is typically conducted by the expert to assess the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that test the level of intelligence and ability can also be used. The test subject may be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test memory and attention. This will help the professional determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive, or hyperactive or impulsive. The specialist will determine the best treatment plan and then make a diagnosis. Treatment plans usually comprise therapy and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy can help adults and children learn healthy coping strategies and alter destructive thought patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary physician or a mental health professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication, but it's not the only option to treat the condition. Children, teenagers and adults can also benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or any combination of the two. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and help them learn to live with them. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and ways to manage it, may be included. They can include teachers, family members and professionals.
It is important to locate a health care provider or mental health professional with experience treating ADHD. You can seek recommendations from other people with ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or conduct an online search. It's best to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To determine if adult adhd diagnosis uk I Am Psychiatry has ADHD or other disorders, your health professional will inquire about your or your child's symptoms and problems caused by them. They will conduct an examination and check for any other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will look over the medical and family history of your child or you, as well as school documents and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is primarily designed to diagnose children and adolescents, has a harder to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about their symptoms and ask other people who spend lots of time with them fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. Medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants, like methylphenidate and Lisdexamfetamine, and nonstimulants like atomoxetine or certain antidepressants. They function by increasing and balancing the levels of neurotransmitters, which are brain chemicals.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD also have comorbid disorders, including depression or anxiety. Because of this, treatment should be based on therapy that targets these issues. Certain patients could benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills like time and task control, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
In addition, therapists can help patients learn to manage their symptoms by making lifestyle changes. For example an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is important too. People with ADHD tend eat more fat and sugar and less fruits and vegetables. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease stress and help people feel more in charge of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to comprehend their difficulties. For example, a child who has ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her needs to teachers and peers However, once a teacher understands that it's not personal or due to laziness accommodations can be provided.
A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions specific to the age of the person, talk to teachers and family members, review medical records, and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. For adults, school records might be useful in determining whether the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
The doctor will also look for any hearing or vision problems. They may also do an analysis of blood to look for certain hormones as well as other health conditions that can cause symptoms similar to ADHD.